Gender-Inclusive Language for English Learners

Gender refers to either being a man or a woman. Gender-inclusive language can be defined as language  that doesn’t prefer one gender over another. Here are a few examples of gender-biased language  common in the English language used in the past. A doctor can treat you for a wide variety of diseases. It’s important that he understands your health history. Successful businessmen understand how to negotiate good deals. In the first sentence, the writer speaks in general about doctors, but assumes that a doctor is a man. In the second example, the term businessmen ignores the fact that many successful business people arewomen. Terminology Gender the sex of a person - male or female  Gender-inclusive including all gendersGender-biased showing a preference for or against a genderGender-neutral showing no preference for or against a gender As an English student, it’s possible that you’ve learned some English that has gender-biased language. Gender-biased can be understood as language which uses stereotypes to describe men and women.   This article will help you recognize gender-biased English language statements and provide suggestions on how you can use more gender-inclusive language. English is already difficult enough, so you might not think this is  important. However, there is a strong push towards the use of more gender-neutral language in day to  day usage, especially at work. Over the past few decades, writers and instructors have become more aware of common terminology and writing styles that tend to favor men and assumptions about behavior that no longer reflect the modern world. To change this, English speakers have adopted new terminology that reflects a more gender-neutral style. Common Changes in Professions The easiest change you can make is with professions that end in ‘-man’ such as ‘businessman’ or‘postman’. Often we substitute ‘person’ for ‘-man’, in other cases the name of the profession maychange. Another word that changes is ‘master’ which indicates a man. Here are some of the most common changes. Common Changes to Gender-Inclusive English actress - actorstewardess - flight attendantanchorman/anchorwoman - anchorbusinessman/businesswoman - businesspersonchairman/chairwoman - chair person / chaircongressman - member of congress / congress personcraftsman - artisandeliveryman – courierdoorman -  door attendentstatesman - statespersonfireman -  firefighterfreshman - first year studenthandyman - maintenance personheadmaster - principalheroine -  herohousewife - homemakerFrenchman -  French personmaid - house cleanermailman - mail carriermankind - humanitymaster - expertmasterpiece – great work of artMiss / Mrs. - Ms.mother tongue - native language/first languagespokesman/spokeswoman - spokespersonwaitress/waiter - wait personpoliceman - police officer/officer Shaun Fawcett has a great page if youre interested in an extensive list of gender-neutral equivalent words. Mr. and Ms. In English, Mr. is used for all men. However, in the past, women were either ‘Mrs.’ or ‘Miss’ dependingon whether they were married. Now, ‘Ms.’ is used for all women. ‘Ms.’ reflects that it is not important toknow whether a woman is married or not.   Gender-Neutral Pronouns Pronouns can be very tricky. In the past, when speaking in general, the pronoun ‘he’ was often used. A person who lives in the country has many advantages. He can enjoy daily walks and enjoy fresh air. He can live a healthy life and meet with his friends. However, this shows a bias towards men in general. Of course, there are healthy women who live in the country! Here are a few suggestions on how to stay away from this common mistake. They She/He Using they/them to indicate a single, gender neutral person  is now commonly accepted.   You can be sure someone understands by how they react to your statement.Does anybody know the answer to the question? They can email the director with the answer. He/She Before they/them entered the common vernacular, writers often used he/she – him/her (or she/he – her/him) to show both are possible when speaking in general. When someone gets ready to find a new job, he/she needs to be aware that there are many challenges in this difficult market. It’s up to her/him to research any job opening carefully. Alternating Pronouns Another approach is to change pronoun forms throughout your writing. This can be confusing to the reader. Someone who goes shopping will have too many choices. He might have more than twenty clothing stores to choose from. Or, she might just go to a department store. In any case, he might spend more time trying to find just the right item.   Plural Forms   Another way to be gender-neutral in your writing is to speak in general and use plural forms when possible rather than the singular. Consider this example: A student has to be on time and take careful notes. He/She also needs to do homework every night.Students have to be on time and take careful notes. They also need to do homework every night.   In the second example, the plural pronoun they replaces students as the rules are meant for everybody.

Cultural Diversity in the Medical World Essay - 2015 Words

Cultural Diversity in the Medical Field Patient Relations Abstract The United States is a nation of immigrants; they have virtually every culture of the world within its borders. Due to this reason, there must be a certain level of cultural competency within its people. A comparison and contrast will be made to compare the Hispanic cultural views on medical care to the American cultural views toward medical care. I chose to explore Hispanic culture because of my background but most importantly due to its richness of unique characteristics. I will provide an overview on how heredity, culture, and environment can influence behavior in the medical office. Furthermore, I will express my opinion about why a medical assistant,†¦show more content†¦Therefore, if a doctor advices a patient to lose weight, he/she may have a problem with that because it would not be adhering to their idea or their standards of a healthy body image. â€Å"Curanderismo is defined as a medical system. It is a coherent view with historical roots that combine Aztec, Sp anish, spiritualistic, homeopathic, and scientific elements. The curandero is a holistic healer; the people you seek help from him do so for social, physical, and psychological purposes† (Cultural Diversity, 2012). Compare and Contrast â€Å"Americans can take come pride in the fact that attaining what the medical profession calls â€Å"cultural competency† is a goal of most health care institutions. However, achieving this goal in today’s health care environment, filled with diverse patient and provider populations, is no easy task. American hospitals are increasingly being staffed by and serving diverse populations. This creates the ideal breeding ground for conflict and misunderstanding among the staff and inferior patient care† (Galanti, 2011). To gain a more thorough understanding of this concept, I will be giving four examples or viewpoints that are completely different, when looking at the Hispanic belief against the Native American point of view. Viewpoint on Medication The Hispanic cultural views toward health care are very different in nature, fromShow MoreRelatedThe Culture Diversity Theory For Nursing Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe Culture diversity theor y Providing culturally competent nursing care begins with having basic principle knowledge and effective training us a nursing student. Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality defines nursing as a learned scientific and humanistic profession that focuses on patient care, experiences and creative thinking relevant to nursing and health care system. 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The diversity is variable and depends of the human’sRead MoreCultural Competency in Nursing Care1697 Words   |  7 PagesCultural Competency in Nursing Care Dorcas Jacobs Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V Family Centered Health Promotion September 29, 2013 Cultural Competency in Nursing Care As the United States becomes more and more culturally diverse one cannot help but be exposed to various cultures and worldviews. America has long been called the melting pot, and that term has never been truer than it is today. According to Green and Reinckens (2013) the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that by the year 2041Read MoreApplying Anthropology to Nursing Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Anthropology to Nursing Medical Anthropology is dedicated to the relationship between human behavior, social life, and health within an anthropological context. 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For that reason, health care workers must be especiallyRead MorePersonal Cultural Diversity Essay627 Words   |  3 Pagescommunication, and technological aspects, leads one to address the concept of cultural diversity or multiculturalism. Cultural diversity in the health-care system touches lives of many Americans in one way or another. No matter what our own cultural background is, when we go receive medical care, we may encounter a care giver who comes from a different cultural background than ours(Naylor 1997,291).. In the c oncept of cultural diversity, it can be recognized that two terms are equally important. The firstRead MoreDiversity Report On Northwell Health1502 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity Report on Northwell Health I. Introduction New York is one of the most diverse cities in the world. There are many cultures, races; languages mixed together creating â€Å"culturally diverse pot†. â€Å"Diversity is the existence of a wide variety of cultures and subcultures represented within a society† (CCN, 2016). For this project I selected Northwell Health System to audit because there are many offices and clinics around area where I live (it is extremely diverse area) and I decided to knowRead MoreCultural competency in Nursong Care1684 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Cultural Competency in Nursing Care Dorcas Jacobs Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V Family Centered Health Promotion September 29, 2013 Cultural Competency in Nursing Care As the United States becomes more and more culturally diverse one cannot help but be exposed to various cultures and worldviews. America has long been called the melting pot, and that term has never been truer than it is today. According to Green and Reinckens (2013) the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that

Christianity In Constantinople Essay Example For Students

Christianity In Constantinople Essay The Emperor Constantine I was the sole ruler of the Roman world between 324 and 337 C.E. His reign was likely the most crucial of all the Roman emperors in determining the future course of western civilization. Constantine began the process of making Christianity the religious foundation of Europe. Also, his Constantinople replaced the city of Rome as the center of imperial power. This set the stage for the occurrences of the Middle Ages. His philosophical view of monarchy became the foundation for the concept of the divine right of kings, which prevailed in Medieval Europe. In 324, after his defeat of Licinius, Constantine decided to rename Byzantium after himself and make it a governmental rival of the old Empire. For the first time a Christian emperor had ascended the Roman throne. Although there is some dispute about the depth of his faith, it is not disputed that Constantine did much to entrench Constantinople and eventually much of Europe in Christianity. Among the basic criteria for choosing Byzantium as the location were its strategic geographical position between Europe and Asia and its strategic value for the command of the seas and of the main routes over land from all directions. The new capital was to be the characteristic expression of the new Christian spirit of the Empire. The exhaustion of the old Rome had been already widely realized. Surprisingly, in spite of this obvious imbalance in wealth, power, population and general vibrancy, The Byzantium Empire and old Rome briefly participated equally with the political status of one imperial capital. They equally participated in the royal authority of the bearers in the east and west. Gregory the Theologian has expressed this synergy of the two cities with interesting imagery: Nature did not give two suns, but there are two cities of Rome, both luminaries of the entire Ecumene, the ancient and the new state, differing among themselves inasmuch as the one shines before the sun an d the other after it, one beauty matching another beauty by means of a synergy (Carmina, 562ff, PG 37). Costantine had built Constantinople to mirror the original empire. It had its own slaves, poor masses, hippodrome, and religion. It grew and developed during the fourth and the fifth centuries to such an extent, that it came to be the brightest single expression of the identity of the Empire. This was obviously coupled with a steep decline in resources in the west. However, Constantinople would quickly overshadow all the elements of brilliance of old Rome and become the new head of the Empire. As a center of administrative economic and spiritual life, Constantinople gradually acquired its own distinctive elements of brilliance, wealth and influence. This incredible building plan put a strain on finances. Constantine may have sold Licinius war chest, which he had captured in battle, to pick up some of the slack. The sixth century Greek historian Zosimus notes that Constantines taxes were initially so excessive that fathers were forced to hire out their daughters as prostitutes to pay taxes. The emperor seems to have been an easy target of criticism for his financial dealings. Christianity in ConstantinopleWhen Constantine I had come to power, the empire was tormented by economic hardship and insecurity. The impoverished masses had been failed by their gods and searched for salvation. Christianity, a religion which had been originated by the tired, poor and meek outcasts, was finally ready to be embraced by these hungry masses. St. Pauls promises of a new life after death and elimination of the old Jewish restrictions made this move possible. Constantine simply institutionalized it. The ecumenical dynamism of Christianity emerged as a power for the renewal of the structures and the institutions of the disorganized Empire. .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 , .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 .postImageUrl , .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 , .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056:hover , .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056:visited , .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056:active { border:0!important; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056:active , .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056 .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u76800e1cad6b95bf1c2318a2911e0056:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo And Juliet Deaths (886 words) EssayConstantine made some other major institutional changes, which would change Christianity forever. For one, he published two edicts. One provided compensation for anyone who had been persecuted for his Christian beliefs by the old empire, the other was law that gave Christianity a preferential status in the empire. Although proclaiming tolerance for the old religions, Constantine asserted that ritualistic purity and sanctity were conditional for the righteous and obedience to Gods sacred laws that were to be taught within the church. Because Constantine wanted

The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy Essay Example

The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy Essay The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy. He has many jobs including the sorting of kit, balls and the scouting and signing of new players. However, the most time consuming job that he has to do is write to all the players before the start of each season and before they return from the Christmas break. He currently does this by hand on paper, copying the data from his files (stored on paper). This is very boring and time consuming. There are at least 16 players in each age group and the age groups range from under 8-16s. This means a lot of letters and a lot of names to store. Another problem he has is that writing all these letters can cause a lot of mistakes that not only tarnishs his reputation but also the football clubs. I have been approached to find a solution to the problem. I will be creating a solution that can make the letters he wants in a shorter period of time and at a higher level of accuracy than his current method. I will decide on the package and type of program later. Although I know I will definitely be using a computerised solution to the problem. The advantages and disadvantages of a computerised solution are shown below Advantages We will write a custom essay sample on The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Preston North End Fc academy director is very busy, he is responsible for the day to day running of the academy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1. More accurate 2. Faster time to produce final document 3. Less Storage of information on paper 4. More professional looking 5. Faster and easier to find records on customers 6. Easier to duplicate Disadvantages 1. Cost of equipment 2. All records lost if computer is stolen or broke 3. Can be confusing As you can see the advantages far out weight the disadvantages and I think this proves a computerised solution to the problem is the best option. The best program I think I could use is a word processing package. This would be better than a spreadsheet or database package or a Desktop publishing package (For a in depth look at each package and the package I will choose see page) There are three objectives I have set myself from the start that I think will be essential to the project and system. They will also be of great benefit to the user. 1. The system must print out personalised letters automatically. 2. The letters need to show the club logo on. 3. The system needs to store information about all the players in a database type. The types of software packages I am considering for this project are 1. DTP 2. Database 3. Word Processing 4. Spreadsheet 5. Paint I will now go through each of them and look at their positive and negative points. This will help me decide which one is best to use for my project and end user. DTP (Desktop Publisher) DTP is a package which produces high quality design work e.g. leaflets, posters, flyers etc. I have considered using this package although it is very obvious it is not applicable to this project as it cannot store data in an easy to read format and is not able to produce text documents, this is not what I need so I will not be using it. Database Database packages include Lotus123 and Microsoft Works, they are very effective at storing information in fields (row and column format) but they cannot be linked to a document in the simple way my end user requires. People like the police use databases to store information on criminals. However as this type of program cannot be linked to a document it is unsuitable for my requirements. Spreadsheet Spreadsheets are similar top databases in that they store information, they have fields in the row and column format and they can do calculations. The calculations can be complex and in the formulae type. However storing data is only one requirement and not a big one. Spreadsheet packages are not suitable for writing long strands of information and therefore I will not be using this type of package. Word Processing Word Processing packages such as Microsoft Word are mainly used for writing letters and long strands of text. Some can store data that can be linked to a word document in the form of Mail Merge. The packages can include word art and picture files. This is everything my end user requires. Now I have chosen the type of package I need to use I will chose the program the options are shown below. * Notepad * Lotus123 (word) * Microsoft Word Notepad This is probably the most simple to use word processing package, it doesnt have a spell checker and doesnt have the option of using mail merge, this means it is not up to the requirements of my end user and I will not be using it. Lotus123 (Word) This is the Microsoft Word equivalent for Lotus, it has spell checker and Mail Merge but I am not as familiar with the package as I am with Microsoft word and the school Pcs dont have it. Microsoft Word This is a program I am very familiar with, it has mail merge and spell checker, it can contain picture files and I have it on my home Pc and the school Pcs. It is also the program most likely to come as standard with my end users Pc. To solve the problem I will be using Microsoft Word and in particularly Mail Merge. This will allow me to store a lot of data in a file which is linked to a word document that can be addressed to many people but made personal by inserting data into the document at certain points E.g. Age, address, name and most importantly the different times of training and dates of return to training. For more information see above. Hardware My end user will need the following hardware requirements for the system to work at its full potential. Printer-Essential to print the letters off this will need to be a fast laser printer because the numbers of copies will be around 150-200. Which will then be sent to players informing them of the relevant information. Monitor-Essential to read and view the system enough said! Keyboard-Essential to type in the information needed for the database storage and letters to players. Mouse-Will be very useful to my end user although it is not totally necessary, wil save time and make the system easier to operate. A: Drive This will enable the user to transfer data from computer to computer using a floppy disk. C: Drive Will be of use to the user in many ways. A lot of software (see below) is loaded on CD using this drive. The instillation process is mainly used through this drive as well as the running of the program. Software My end user will be using the following software packages. Microsoft Word This will be the program essential to the system. Norton Anti Virus 2003 This will help protect my end users system from viruss. Questionnaire To get the best results for my end user we had a meeting about the system, this is shown below. What do you want from your system? I want a system that can produce many different, personal letters. The letters need to be quite similar but the dates and times need to be able to changed easily as well as the information about each person. What is the most important feature your system must have? It must be able to change the named, address, and other personal details throughout the letter for each individual person. How many players do you need records for? About 150 200 Do you need a macro button to print off the copies? Dont think one is totally necessary but I wouldnt mind one if it makes it easier. What type of field will you need on the database of records? Name (first and last), address (full), age group. Thats all I can thin of at them moment. What is the full address, telephone and fax, email and website of your part of the business? 23 Merry Way Sea Haven SE4 8HV Tel 01772 458102 Fax 078 7354 7362 E-mail [emailprotected] Website -www.pne.com Will you be printing on white, A4 Paper? If not what size and what colour? Yes. Thank you Thank you Key: Blue = Me Black = End User The information I will be inputting into my work will be 1. The Club Logo-This will be obtained from the Preston website www.pne.com. (I have been given permission to use this). I will then manipulate it slightly (without changing the shape or design) in a graphics package probably Pro-Desktop. 2. The addresses of the players, the names, their telephone numbers etc. I have been given the data for this information to input into the system, the club have also given me the text to put into the letter. When a player leaves my end user will update the system. If a player changes address they will be given a data capture form which the end user will use to update the system. Processes The following processes will take place in the making of my system. * The signature will be scanned in to the final document * The club logo will be manipulated in Pro-Desktop * A macro that enables the user to click on it and print the data off * The data source will be updated * The data capture form will be made * The document and data will be merged Outputs The following outputs will be used in the system * A printer will print off the copies, if all 150-200 are needed to be printed off at the same time then a fast laser printer will be needed, this enables the user to print off many copies in a short time at a high level of quality. I will be using a fast laser colour printer because it will add to the quality of the letter. Data Flow Diagram Below is a (DFD) data flow diagram for my system. After showing my initial designs to my end user I had an interview with her, this is shown below. Are you happy with the initial designs? Yes, although I can think of a few changes What are these? The database has too many fields that are unnecessary. These fields need removing and the data capture form needs to be formatted better so I can easily read and edit information onto the database of players information. Ok thank for those pointers, are there any other things? No Any questions? No Thank you Thank you Key: Blue = Me Black = End User Having got feedback form my end user I will be making the following changes * The fields from the storage of names will be looked at to see which ones are really necessary. * The data capture form will be changed in the format style so that it is easier to look at. On the next page my initial designs are shown. These are the ones commented on above by my end user and the designs I will be making the changes to stated above. The changes I will make will be highlighted. From my initial designs things have not changed dramatically but there are a little changes that have been made, these are as follows * The field numbers have changed slightly, this was due to when showing the initial designs to my end user he was not sure that all the fields were needed. * The size of macro button (print macro) was changed after it became obvious that it was not big enough to be noticed by my end user. The rest of the system was unchanged from the initial designs. The system is shown below. I think the objectives in the project set were mostly met. I think my project definitely meets the end users requirements and the end user agrees with this (see final interview, page ). If I was to do the project again though I would make more test plans to make sure there were absolutely no mistakes. I would also have more interviews with the end user so that the system could have been made in that little bit more detail. If I were to make a critical comment on my project and to change something I would make the letters a bit jazzier, maybe some football pictures on. This was one thing suggested by the user as well (see below) My user feed back is shown below, as well as having an interview before the project started I had one after the system was finished. The results of which are shown below Are you happy with the overall project, if not why? I am very happy with all parts except the final letters, they are a little dull and boring. Are there any other features you would have liked the system to have had? No, other than the letters having a bit more colour and life in them the whole system created was excellently, thank you What are the positives from the system? Everything, especially the easy to print macro button and the easy way I could update the records by using the data capture form. What would you mark the system out of ten? Probably 9 out of 10 because the letters werent perfect. Thank you for completing the questionnaire. Thank you Key: Blue = Me Black = End User Looking at my end users comments I think they are very helpful and I understand the users idea that the letters were a bit plain and dull. If I were to do the project again I would definitely change this part of my project, I would also change the club logo a bit to add more change and style to the letters and overall system.

The Many Cognates of Cede

The Many Cognates of Cede The Many Cognates of Cede The Many Cognates of Cede By Mark Nichol The word cede and words with the syllable -cede share an origin with other similarly spelled words that in some sense refer to withdrawal. This post lists and defines those terms. Cede, meaning â€Å"assign,† â€Å"grant,† or transfer, is just one of multiple words descended from the Latin verb cedere, meaning â€Å"go† or â€Å"yield.† The term cession, which refers to an act of ceding, or yielding is rare. Concession is more common in that sense; the verb form is concede, and concessional and concessionary are the uncommon adjectival forms. (â€Å"Concession stand† and the plural form of the noun describe business operations in which one party grants another party the right to sell goods on the first party’s property.) Accede (â€Å"go to†) means â€Å"agree,† â€Å"approve,† or â€Å"consent,† with the sense of doing so reluctantly, or â€Å"take an office or position,† and the noun form is accession. To intercede (â€Å"go between†) is to intervene or mediate; the act of doing so is called intercession. Precede (â€Å"go before†) can refer to being ahead of or in front of, earlier, or more important. The noun form precedence applies to the quality of priority; another noun form, precession, is rare but is seen in â€Å"precession of the equinoxes,† a reference to an astronomical phenomenon. To recede (â€Å"go back†) is to move away or slant backward, or to decrease (it can also mean â€Å"give something back to the former owner†); most references to the noun form recession pertain to a general decline in economic prosperity. Recedence is a rare term for the act of going back. To secede (â€Å"go apart†) is to separate, as part of a nation from the whole; the noun form is secession. Several other words share the root -cede, but with altered spelling, such as proceed (â€Å"go before†), which means â€Å"advance,† â€Å"come forth,† or â€Å"continue.† The noun procedure describes a set of steps, or a way, to accomplish something, and proceeding can be both a form of the verb or, in plural form, a noun describing a sequence of events. The noun proceeds refers to money brought in, and procedural serves both as an adjective and as a noun describing a work of written or recorded fiction that focuses on a sequence of procedures such as the steps taken in solving a crime. Two other nouns derived from proceed are process, a synonym, as a verb, of proceed and, as a noun, of procedure (in addition, the noun process refers to a prominent part of an organism), and procession refers to a forward movement, especially an orderly, often ceremonial parade of people. (It can also be a verb referring to such a movement.) Processable and processability, meanwhile, refer to the capability or suitability of something to be processed. Succeed (â€Å"go after†) means to do well (and the act of succeeding is called success), but it also pertains to inheriting from or following another person in order; this action is known as succession, and one who follows is a successor. To exceed (â€Å"go from†) is to go beyond or extend outside of or to be greater than; excess refers to the act of going beyond but has a negative connotation. Words that don’t seem at all related but are include abscess (â€Å"go away†), which refers to pus collecting in a cavity within inflamed tissue, and ancestor (â€Å"one who goes before†), which means â€Å"one from whom one is descended†- the adjectival form is ancestral, and the noun ancestry refers to one’s forebears- and antecedent (â€Å"go before†), which means â€Å"something that precedes.† To cease (â€Å"hold back†) is to stop (and cessation refers to the act of stopping), and decease (â€Å"go from†) means â€Å"death,† though it is much more often used as a verb to mean â€Å"die.† (One who dies is a decedent.) Predecessor (â€Å"one who goes before†) refers to someone who has preceded another person in a position; it is an antonym of successor. Necessary (â€Å"not go†), too, derives ultimately from cedere; it means â€Å"inescapable† or â€Å"required.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1The Letter "Z" Will Be Removed from the English AlphabetOne "L" or Two?

The Redstockings Womens Liberation Group

The Redstockings Women's Liberation Group The radical feminist group Redstockings was founded in New York in 1969. The name Redstockings was a play on the word bluestocking, adapted to include red, a color long associated with revolution and uprising. Bluestocking was an old term for a woman who had intellectual or literary interests, instead of the supposedly acceptable feminine interests. The word bluestocking had been applied with a negative connotation to 18th and 19th-century feminist women. Who Were the Redstockings? Redstockings formed when the 1960s group New York Radical Women (NYRW) dissolved. NYRW split up after disagreements about political action, feminist theory, and leadership structure. NYRW members began meeting in separate smaller groups, with some women choosing to follow the leader whose philosophy matched theirs. Redstockings was started by Shulamith Firestone and Ellen Willis. Other members included prominent feminist thinkers Corrine Grad Coleman, Carol Hanisch, and Kathie (Amatniek) Sarachild. Redstockings Manifesto and Beliefs The members of Redstockings firmly believed that women were oppressed as a class. They also asserted that the existing male-dominated society was inherently flawed, destructive, and oppressive. Redstockings wanted the feminist movement to reject the flaws in liberal activism and protest movements. Members said that the existing left perpetuated a society with men in positions power and women stuck in support positions or making coffee. The Redstockings Manifesto called for women to unite to achieve liberation from men as the agents of oppression. The Manifesto also insisted that women not be blamed for their own oppression. Redstockings rejected economic, racial, and class privileges and demanded an end to the exploitative structure of male-dominated society. The Work of Redstockings Redstockings members spread feminist ideas such as consciousness-raising and the slogan sisterhood is powerful. Early group protests included a 1969 abortion speak-out in New York. Redstockings members were appalled by a legislative hearing on abortion at which there were at least a dozen male speakers, and the only woman who spoke was a nun. To protest, they held their own hearing, where women testified about personal experiences with abortion. Redstockings Published a book called Feminist Revolution in 1975. It contained history and analysis of the feminist movement, with writings about what had been achieved and what the next steps would be. Redstockings now exists as a grassroots think tank working on Womens Liberation issues. Veteran members of Redstockings established an archive project in 1989 to collect and make available texts and other materials from the Womens Liberation movement.

Chain of Command Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chain of Command - Coursework Example Fortune 500 company and the federal government of the United States are seen to have many similarities when it comes to the chain of command of both these entities. The federal government has several executive branches which primarily act as advisors of the president and also help him to veto certain issues. The Vice President and fifteen executive branches are currently acting as these advisors for the president of America. Same is the case with the Fortune 500 company where it can be seen that a CEO is operating as a sole leader of the company who has several departments under him who act on his discretion. These departments and individuals under him act as the advisors of the CEO and can help him take decisions. Chief Operating Officer acts as a primary advisor of the CEO of Fortune 500 who can make him act in the best interest of the company just like the vice president. The Managing Director then comes in the branch who informs about the condition of the company to the COO or CE O along with the General Manager. The supervisors then form individual departments like that of electors in the federal government. The employees are then working in the company who help to carry out actions. These employees are the same as the employees working under the executive branches of the federal government. The shareholders in a multinational corporation act as the members of Senate in a cabinet. The members of the senate can reject a proposal by the president or accept it when it comes to the interest of federal government whereas the shareholders can also reject or accept the proposal given by the CEO. The difference between these two entities is that these two work in a different manner. Fortune 500 does not have to care much about the general public whereas the Federal Government has to keep everything in mind. The authority of the federal government is much more than the Fortune 500. The federal

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Literature Review - Essay Example Kundera shows himself both as a talented historian and psychologist. In well-structured, enchanting manner Kundera entraps his readers in the worlds of his novels. His creative works is a sign of ideological struggle of Czech intellectuals in the age of Stalinism. Kundera was a Communist himself when this ideology was born, but very soon he was expulsed from the Party and his career was threatened because of his innocent joke. From that moment Kundera in his novels used jokes, irony and sarcasm in order to show how innocent trifle can ruin lives. This research paper is focused on his two novels â€Å"The Joke† and â€Å"The Book of Laughter and Forgetting†. On the examples of these two works a transformation of Kundera from a scrutinizer of the past to a sarcastic mocker of the past is shown. Dualistic manner of Kundera’s writing is shown as a basis for his novels. Thus the writer talks about the past and the present; he shows realistic and nonrealistic main characters; depicts the gap between heroes’ beliefs and realities etc. His manner of writing is bipolar; in such a way Kundera supposedly wants to show the ambiguity of human lives. This ambiguity was well-discerned on the example of the age of Stalinism. People had to think and act in one way in their daily life, but in their conscious, hearts and souls they lived other lives. Destructive force of Stalinism is shown on the examples of Kundera’s main characters of these two main novels. Ludvik, Helena, Mirek, Tamina and others were destructed by the huge ‘Communist slaughter’. In order to assess their essence, analyze their past, these characters wander between self-analysis and revenge, between accusing them and the history of their lost lives. In these tragic turbulences echoes a destiny of Kundera. Therefore while reading these two novels it is possible to reveal the curtain of mysterious genius of

Eco 365 Supply and Demand Essay Example for Free

Eco 365 Supply and Demand Essay The supply and demand simulation shows different aspects of economic structures. Although mostly focused on microeconomics, the simulation does show a small role of macroeconomics. The principles of microeconomics would apply to drop in rent prices to increase the supply being demanded. Another microeconomic principle shown in the simulation is the rise in demand when the cost of rent is lowered. Macroeconomics principles came into play when the rise in demand for apartment was a direct product of the establishment of a new company in town. Same principles of microeconomics apply to an excess supply created by a price ceiling enforced by the government. Supply and Demand Shifts A shift in the demand curve was created when the new company brought an increase in population to Atlantis. A greater amount of people created a greater demand for the apartments. Equilibrium is reached in the demand shift by raising the price of rent to decrease demand. A supply shift was created when 400 apartments were converted into condominiums, which in turn caused a drop in supply. The equilibrium would be fixed by raising the cost to lower the demand because of a decrease in supply. Real World Application With the nutritional corporations expanding and health awareness on the rise prices of nutritional supplements are rising to meet the demand. Especially in local areas, there aren’t too many health and wellness shops that offer the best available supplements or expert advice, therefore the few local shops in town can raise the prices of their products because of high demand and low supply. Microeconomics: Supply/Demand Shifts A sudden increase in population can cause a demand shift which would either cause you to increase or decrease price reach equilibrium and maximize revenue. Supply shifts are caused by eliminating or adding supply to an economy to meet the choices of the population. Macroeconomics: Supply/Demand Shifts An increase in wages from neighboring business may cause a demand shift. This would cause a company to make changes to their prices to try to reach another target or meet the needs of the current target. A shift in supply because of macroeconomics can be caused by price ceilings or floors that would lead to a surplus or shortage of supply. Pricing Strategy Price elasticity of demand will always change the pricing strategy of a company so that they can maximize revenue, not demand. If a company figures they have low demand for their products they may lower the price so that more people become interested and vise-versa. The price elasticity is the equal to the percent change of quantity demand times the percent change in price. Price elasticity is used to figure the change in demand after a change in price (Colander, 2010). PEoD = (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Price) When the price of causes a change in the demand the formula will recognize that change and give you an indication of delicate that products demand is to a change in price. The higher the result equals higher sensitivity to price change (Moffatt, 2013). References Colander, D. C. (2010). Economics (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Moffatt, M. (2013). Price Elasticity of Demand. Retrieved from http://economics.about.com/cs/micfrohelp/a/priceelasticity.htm

United Nations Reform :: essays research papers

United Nations Reform Many of the UN's functions and responsibilities have come under weighty circumstances. For example, the delegation of revenue to it's ramifications and the standard of which â€Å"who† will â€Å"maintain† a seat on the security counsil are two of the main topics. First off, financing the United Nations 15 specialized agencies, the UN itself, and roughly 9,000 staff members (of which 40% are of professional grade) with the â€Å"Regular Budget† is a problem that continues to be a major threat to the continuation of the UN for two reasons: Some of the larger industrial countries, such as the United States and Russia, have been with-holding a portion of their assessed contribution due to their dissatisfaction with certain aspects of UN administration. The concern also exists that since all members must pay in U.S. dollars which are earned strictly through trade, the United States indirectly causes many developing nations to fall behind on payments. Secondly, the struggle just to maintain one of the two year seats on the SC has been a major concern. A yearning for a permanent seat on the SC has been expressed by many more countries. The European Union (EU)stated on April 9, 1996 that it feels strongly that the United States should not collect anything off of the UN because it is not contributing what it is supposed to. Many third world nations, such as Indonesia and Chile, are frightened by the attempts at cutting the UN's budget. Most countries feel Japan deserves a permanent seat on the Security Council. The UN proposed an elimination of 70 worldwide UN information centers on May 13,1996, With the supporting argument that with our current information superhighways these centers are becoming antiquated. Nations such as Indonesia and Chile argue that such cuts are unjust to those who have not been given the † Technological Gift.† The nation of Japan is going against what would normally be expected of us. We are not following along in the trail left by the United States in the ongoing struggle for the United Nations financial reform. Instead we hold ground in that everyone should pay their assessment. Japan also feels it is imperative for Japan to recieve a permanent seat on the SC, because it is the second largest

Landfills problem in Hong Kong Essay

Imagine one day that we may have nowhere to dispose our waste, ______. You may be dubious that there is still a long way to this nightmare; however, according to the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, the three major strategic landfills in Hong Kong will be saturated in the mid to late 2010s. In other words, our landfills are going to be filled up within ten years. It implies that Hong Kong indeed has an imminent waste problem associated with the sturation of the landfills. At present, we depend merely on landfills to dispose of our garbage. Therefore, it will be inevitable for us to face great trouble concerning the disposal of waste if we pay no attention to this acute situation and allow it to deteriorate. Thesis statement 2. Problem Topic sentence (define the problem clearly) As time passing by in these few years, landfills Proof (provide concrete data or statistics to prove the existence/severity of the problem) Causes 1: wasteful lifestyle At present, most of Hong Kong’s food waste is disposed of at landfills together with other municipal solid waste. In 2011, there were some 8,996 tonnes of MSW disposed of at landfills each day. Of these, about 3,584 tonnes (39.8%) were food waste, constituting the largest MSW category being landfilled. Among the food waste disposed of daily, some 1,056 tonnes were generated from commercial and industrial (C&I) sources such as restaurants, hotels, wet markets, food production and processing industries. In recent years, the amount of food waste arising from the C&I sectors has increased steadily: from less than 400 tonnes per day in 2002 to over 1,000 tonnes per day in 2011. Cause 2: food waste Cause 3: limited land resources Negative consequences 3. Solution and Evaluation Solution 1: Topic sentence Explanation Advantages/Disadvantages Solution 2: Topic sentence Explanation Advantages/Disadvantages Solution 3: Topic sentence Explanation Advantages/Disadvantages 4. Conclusion Best solution Future outlook 5. References

Desire Under the Elms Essay

This article discusses several different elements of the play. It talks about things such as the nature of the play, the setting, and even the concerns that were happen around the time that the play was written. The critic opens up by giving a brief synopsis of what’s happening in the outside world during the time that Eugene O’Neil wrote the play. The article opens up stating how O’Neil takes a difference response with this play as if he was demonstrating Greek theatre. Henry is trying to explain that even though the play does not follow any particular play, that it echoes Hippolytus and Medea which both involve incest and infanticide (Henry, 2006). This type of behavior was highly intolerable during this time; this is what made the Desire Under the Elm stick out to readers and reviewers. In the article, the main point that is brought up is the desire between Eben and Abby. From the moment that Abby is known at the house, there is some form of tension between her and Eben. While Eben tries to remain loyal to the memory of his mother he his overcome by Abby, with her beauty, charm, and grace (Henry, 2006). It is hard for Eben to confess his love or true feelings for Abby because it is hard for him to accept Abby’s place in his home and the fact that she will one day own the farm that was robbed from his mother. Eben truly believes that Abby is an intruder, that is trying to seek his inheritance. All the while Abby is the type of person that had learned to fight for what she wants, and she will get it by any means necessary (Henry, 2006). The article also speaks on Abby as a person. Henry feels that Abby would’ve made a great wife for Ephram for as long as he lived, if Eben had not been around (Henry, 2006). Abby was the type of woman that knew how to get what she wanted. In this case, in this story Abby had dreams on owning Ephram’s farm. She was only 25 years old and she wasn’t expecting for Ephram to live too much longer, that way she could have some inheritance. There are several things that I learned while reading this critical analysis. The first thing that caught my attention was the history of time during this period. I had no idea the O’Neil was living in a time where he had lost both his mother and his brother before he wrote the play (Henry, 2006). In my opinion, the play was a minor hit of his own life during this time. He could have very well been compared to Eben. Another important fact that catches my attention about the article is that the conflict between father and son are so strong. In my opinion this proved that Ephram was not a good man at all. Eben’s reason for not liking his father was based on the facts that his mother told him. The thing that confused me was why did Ephram’s other sons Peter and Simon hate him so much? By watching the movie I can see, that Ephram was rough or hard on his sons but hard as they worked they still seemed to be a disappointment to him as well. Ephram’s main goal was to have a son that was strong and that he could be proud of, this was his purpose of having a baby boy with Abby. Last but not least, the article discusses how people can lose focus. The most obvious case of this in the story is Eben because he loses focus of what’s important when he falls in love with Abby. My question is about Ephram. He loses focus when he returns home with Abby. The only thing that he thinks about is not being alone. He never thinks about how his sons will adapt to Abby nor does he even think about does Abby really love him or is she just using him. It is obvious that Ephram loses focus of the ownership of the farm, he just wants somebody to be with in life so that he will not end up alone.

Identifying Granitoids and Other Granite Rocks

Identifying Granitoids and Other Granite Rocks Granite rock has become so common in homes and buildings that anyone these days can name it when they see it in the field. But what most people would call granite, geologists prefer to call granitoid until they can get it into the laboratory. Thats because relatively few granite rocks out there are truly petrologically granite. How does a geologist make sense of granitoids? Heres a simplified explanation. The Granitoid Criterion A granitoid meets two criteria: (1) it is a plutonic rock that (2) has between 20 percent and 60 percent quartz. Plutonic rocks cooled at depth very slowly from a hot, fluid state. A sure sign is well-developed, visible grains of various minerals mixed in a random pattern  as if they had been baked in a pan in the oven. They look clean, and they dont have strong layers or strings of minerals like those in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.​As for the quartz, a rock with less quartz than 20 percent is called something else, and a rock with more than 60 percent quartz is called quartz-rich granitoid (a remarkably simple answer in igneous petrology). Geologists can assess both of these criteria (plutonic, abundant quartz) with a moments inspection. The Feldspar Continuum OK, we have abundant quartz. Next, the geologist evaluates the feldspar minerals. Feldspar is always present in plutonic rocks whenever theres quartz. Thats because feldspar always forms before quartz. Feldspar is mainly silica (silicon oxide), but it also includes aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium. Quartz- pure silica- wont start forming until one of those feldspar ingredients runs out. There are two types of feldspar: alkali feldspar and plagioclase. The balance of the two feldspars is the key to sorting out the granitoids into five named classes: Granitoid with only (90%) alkali feldspar is alkali-feldspar graniteGranitoid with mostly (at least 65%) alkali feldspar is syenograniteGranitoid with a rough balance of both feldspars is monzograniteGranitoid with mostly (at least 65%) plagioclase is granodioriteGranitoid with only (90%) plagioclase is tonalite True granite corresponds to the first three classes. Petrologists call them by their long names, but they also call them all granite. The other two granitoid classes arent granites, although granodiorite and tonalite in certain cases can be called a name very much like granite (see the next section). If you have followed all this, then you will readily understand the QAP diagram that shows it graphically. And you can study the gallery of granite pictures and assign at least some of them exact names. The Felsic Dimension OK, weve dealt with the quartz and the feldspars. Granitoids also have dark minerals, sometimes quite a lot and sometimes hardly any. Usually, feldspar-plus-quartz dominates, and geologists call granitoids felsic rocks in recognition of this. A true granite can be rather dark, but if you ignore the dark minerals and assess only the felsic component, it can still be properly classified. Granites may be especially light-colored and nearly pure feldspar-plus-quartz- that is, they may be very highly felsic. That qualifies them for the prefix leuco, meaning light-colored. Leucogranites may also be given the special name aplite, and leuco alkali feldspar granite is called alaskite. Leuco granodiorite and leuco tonalite are called plagiogranite (making them honorary granites). The Mafic Correlative Dark minerals in granitoids are rich in magnesium and iron, which dont fit in felsic minerals and are called the mafic (MAY-fic or MAFF-ic) component. An especially mafic granitoid may have the prefix mela, meaning dark-colored. The most common dark minerals in granitoids are hornblende and biotite. But in some rocks pyroxene, which is even more mafic, appears instead. This is unusual enough that some pyroxene granitoids have their own names: Pyroxene granites are called charnockite, and pyroxene monzogranite is mangerite. Still more mafic a mineral is olivine. Normally olivine and quartz never appear together, but in exceptionally sodium-rich granite the iron-bearing variety of olivine, fayalite, is compatible. The granite of Pikes Peak in Colorado is an example of such a fayalite granite. A granite can never be too light, but it can be too dark. What stone dealers call black granite is not a granite at all  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹because it has little or no quartz in it. Its not even a granitoid (although it is a true commercial granite). Its usually gabbro, but thats a subject for another day.

An Introduction to Erikson’s Stages of Development

An Introduction to Erikson’s Stages of Development Psychoanalyst Erik Eriksons stages of development articulated a psychosocial theory of human development made up of eight stages that cover the entirety of the human lifespan from birth to old age. Each stage is defined by a central crisis that the individual must grapple with in order to move on to the next stage. Erikson’s theory has been highly influential on scholars’ understanding of human development and identity formation. Key Takeaways: Erikson's Stages of Development Erik Eriksons stages of development consist of eight stages that cover the entire human lifespan. This structure makes the point that development does not end when an individual reaches adulthood; rather, it continues throughout the entire lifespan.Each stage of development revolves around a central crisis that the individual must contend with in order to move on to the next stage.The success at each stage is reliant upon success at previous stages. Individuals must go through the stages in the order laid out by Erikson. Stages of Psychosocial Development The stages of psychosocial development laid out by Erikson are as follows: 1.  Trust vs. Mistrust The first stage takes place in infancy and ends around age 1. Erikson said that infants first social achievement is to let their caretakers out of sight without becoming anxious. In other words, infants must develop a sense of trust in their caretakers and the people around them. When infants come into the world, they are vulnerable and dependent on others for survival. When a child’s caretakers successfully meet their needs- e.g. food, warmth, and safety- the child develops confidence that the world is a safe and secure place. If the child’s needs are not met, however, the child comes to believe the world is an inconsistent, untrustworthy place. This doesn’t mean that all mistrust is bad. According to Erikson, a certain amount of mistrust is necessary. Without some amount of mistrust, the child could become too trusting and consequently would not know when to be skeptical of people’s intentions. However, an individual should emerge from this stage with a greater sense of trust than mistrust. If the infant is successful in this endeavor, they will develop the virtue of hope: a belief that one’s desires are achievable despite the chaos of the world. 2.  Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt The second stage takes place when the child is around 2 or 3 years old. As children grow, they become more capable of doing things on their own. If children are supported in their bids at independence, they will learn to have confidence in their abilities. On the other hand, if children are too controlled or criticized, they will start to doubt their ability to take care of themselves. If the individual emerges from this stage with a greater sense of autonomy than shame or doubt, they will develop the virtue of will: the ability to make choices freely while also having self-control when appropriate. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt The third stage takes place between the ages of 3 and 6. Preschool age children start to take initiative in pursuing their own objectives. When they are successful, they develop a sense of competence in their ability to make and achieve goals. When those objectives meet resistance or become problematic in the social world, they will experience guilt. Too much guilt can lead to a lack of self-confidence. If the child emerges from this stage with more positive than negative experiences taking initiative, they will develop the virtue of purpose: the ability to determine what they want and go after it. 4. Industry vs. Inferiority The fourth stage takes place from 6 to 11 years old. This stage marks the child’s first forays into grade school and structured learning. It is therefore the first time the child must begin to understand and contend with the expectations of the wider culture. Children learn what it means to be a good member of society, both in terms of productivity and morality. If children come to believe they cannot function properly in society, they develop feelings of inferiority. Children who experience success at this stage will develop the virtue of competence. 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion The fifth stage takes place during adolescence and in some cases can extend into the 20s. With the onset of puberty, physical and cognitive changes cause adolescents to think about their futures for the first time. On the one hand, they are trying to determine who they are and what they want for their futures. On the other hand, they worry about making unwise commitments and are concerned about the way others, especially their peers, perceive them. While identity development is a lifelong process, the fifth stage a key time for identity, as adolescents start to choose and pursue the roles they wish to fulfill as adults. They also must begin to develop a worldview that gives them a sense of personal perspective. Success at this stage will result in a coherent sense of identity that leads to the virtue of fidelity: loyalty to one’s commitments. 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation The sixth stage takes place during young adulthood. Adolescents are often too preoccupied to truly be intimate with another person. However, during young adulthood, individuals who have established a sense of their own identity can achieve a genuine connection with someone else. At this stage, those whose relationships remain impersonal will experience isolation. People who achieve more intimacy than isolation at this stage will develop the virtue of mature love. 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation The seventh stage takes place during midlife. It is at this time that people turn their attention to what they can offer the next generation. Erikson called this â€Å"generativity.† While his focus was on raising children, adults who produce anything that contributes to the future, including creative works and ideas, are also being generative. Adults who are not successful at this stage become stagnant, self-absorbed, and bored. Generative adults who contribute to the next generation and avoid becoming overly self-indulgent develop the virtue of care. 8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair The eighth and final stage takes place during old age. At this point, people start to look back on their lives. If they can accept and find meaning in what they have done and accomplished throughout their lives, they will achieve integrity. If people look back and don’t like what they see, the realization that life is too short to try out alternatives and repair regrets will lead to despair. Finding meaning in one’s life in old age results in the virtue of wisdom. The Structure of the Stages Erikson was influenced by the work of Sigmund Freud, particularly Freuds stage theory of psychosexual development. Erikson expanded on the five stages outlined by Freud by assigning psychosocial tasks to each stage, then adding three additional stages for later periods of adulthood. Erikson’s stages rest on the epigenetic principle: the idea that each stage is dependent upon the previous stage and, therefore, individuals must go through the stages in a specific order. At each stage, the individual must wrestle with a central psychosocial conflict in order to progress to the next stage. Each stage has a particular conflict because, according to Erikson, individual growth and sociocultural context work together to bring that conflict to the individuals attention at a particular point in life. As individuals move through the psychosocial stages specified by Erikson, their success rests upon the outcomes of previous stages. For example, when infants develop more mistrust than trust in their caretakers during the first stage, they may experience role confusion during the fifth stage. Similarly, if an adolescent emerges from the fifth stage without having successfully developed a strong sense of identity, he or she may have difficulty developing intimacy during the sixth stage. As a result of these structural elements, Erikson’s theory communicates two key points: Development does not stop when one reaches adulthood. Rather, individuals continue to develop throughout their entire lifespan.Each stage of development hinges upon the individual’s interaction with the social world. Critiques Eriksons stage theory has faced some criticism for its limitations. Erikson was vague about the experiences an individual must undergo in order to successfully grapple with the conflict of each stage. He also wasn’t specific about how people move through the various stages. Erikson himself was aware that his work was unclear; he explained that he intended his theory to provide context and descriptive detail for development, not precise facts about developmental mechanisms. Nevertheless, Erikson’s theory can be credited with inspiring a great deal of research into human development, identity, and personality. Sources Crain, William. Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications. 5th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005.Dunkel, Curtis S., and Jon A. Sefcek. â€Å"Eriksonian Lifespan Theory and Life History Theory: An Integration Using the Example of Identity Formation.†Ã‚  Review of General Psychology, vol. 13, no. 1, 2009, pp. 13-23,  http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0013687Erikson, Erik H. Childhood and Society. W.W. Norton Company, 1963.Erikson, Erik H. Identity: Youth and Crisis. W.W. Norton Company, 1968.McAdams, Dan. The Person: An Introduction to the Science of Personality Psychology. 5th ed., Wiley, 2008.McLeod, Saul. â€Å"Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development.† Simply Psychology, 2013. https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html

Political attitude Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Political attitude - Essay Example s making students more aware of the political environment and nurture their minds in order for them to make well-informed political choices in the future. The education has increased my understanding of American values of political tolerance, free society and liberty and thus I can confidently make individual political decisions without being swayed away by popular media opinion. College has enabled me understand the importance of political tolerance and democracy in the US since I am capable of respecting other people’s political opinions. College faculty has the effect of indoctrinating students consciously since it allows the students to select their own political orientation after offering different views points and perspectives of a certain social issue. For instance, college faculty will outline the controversial debate of issues such as abortion or gun control and outline the arguments advanced by those who are either for or against the controversial societal issue. In this case, I am of the opinion that college faculty guides students in gaining more political awareness by teaching the basic tenets of democracy, freedom, and civil liberties that are outlined in the US Constitution. The faculty does not impose any political thought or attitudes to individual students and is not affiliated with any political party. The aim is to enable the students appreciate the multiple viewpoints of a particular political issue. College education has contributed to my development of a more realistic view of the world and thus I am able to make informed political decision without being influenced by the prevailing public opinion. I now understand the importance of participating in voting in ensuring change in the society or getting certain government policies

Impact of SOPA and PIPA Bills Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Impact of SOPA and PIPA Bills - Research Paper Example The government, particularly from the computer software publishing and entertainment industries for years to invent and implement an effective mechanism for stopping the online piracy that allows the internet users to have copies of their products free of charge. Though, it seems certainly logical for the reason that no one wants to see something for which they have spent a lot of time and effort on to create be disrespected by people having access to it free of charge and without permission (Newman; Jamal). This paper will discuss the initiatives of the government trying to regulate the internet with SOPA and PIPA bills and how it would affect the internet service providers and the internet users.    An Overview of SOPA and PIPA These days, we can see the Protect IP Act (PIPA) and the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) in the top headlines. In fact, the Stop Online Piracy Act and the Protect IP Act are getting a great deal more negative response from different organizations. In additio n, some of the major web-based businesses, for instance, Wikipedia have responded against these laws by protesting the bills with blackouts. Additionally, Google Corporation has also joined the movement, by placing a link on its homepage illustrating the reason why the organization opposes the legislation. Both the bills SOPA (presented in the U.S. House of Representatives) and PIPA (presented in the U.S. Senate) are intended for overseas websites that break copyrighted stuff. In addition, both the bills are generally linked with media piracy however can also be applied to counterfeit medication and consumer goods (Newman; Magid). In the beginning, both the SOPA and PIPA bills included two important ways to fight exclusive rights violation on overseas websites. In this scenario the first way allows the U.S. Department of Justice to ask for court orders and instructions forcing ISPs to shut down the domain names of the suspected websites. For instance, Comcast can stop its customers from accessing the contents of www.thepiratebay.org, even though the given IP address can be accessed and works properly. In this scenario, this ISP blocking terms was one of the key concerns among Internet security experts, at the same time as both PIPA and SOPA have ignored it. On the other hand, the other way allows rights owners to ask for court orders and instructions to force the advertisers, payment providers and search engines to stop carrying out business activities in cooperation with the suspected websites. In this scenario, rights owners would be allowed to demand that funds be charged from the suspected website and that investigate links to that site be detached. However, the suspected site would be given five days to appeal any action taken (Newman; Magid). In simple words, the basic purpose behind the implementation of these bills is to stop from connected to any sites that are dedicated to the  theft  of U.S. property. In addition, these bills would also stop the business organizations and individuals from putting on the sites and shut down payment processing companies such as MasterCard, Visa and PayPal from sending money to the site.

Vehicle Car service models for DMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Vehicle Car service models for DMS - Essay Example This use case has presented the main business operations performed all through the business. In this use case it is outlined how car servicing business will perform different operations. These operations include the appointment taking, servicing and payment. In this overall system working and handling we need to take different decision and assessment for giving appointment and dealing payments. These use case will offer a better insight into different business operations while development. In this diagram the main procedure and flow of business operations are shown. These diagrams have elaborated the main sequence of operations and procedures that have been performed through the overall business processes regarding the car servicing. This is a decision and action based approach that demonstrates the overall behaviors of the business dealing and operational handling. 1- In this BPMN diagrams for the business use cases I have presented the same scenario of operations as presented in the use case diagram. Here I have outlined the main decision points and areas where we can take the decision before moving to the next level. In the vehicle servicing process the initial step or decision is taken on the basis that the customer is new or old. If customer is old one then we assign him log no and issues the appropriate appointment. In case of new customer we need to take his complete information and feed it into main database and then issue the log and registration number. Then we take the next decision regarding the available working slot. Means time slot for servicing the vehicle. In case of available slot we issue the appointment otherwise we issue next date or time. 2- The scenario is about the detailed analysis of vehicle servicing and estimation of the cost. When a car is serviced and some new components are added in this scenario a

Qualitative Analysis Of An Overhead Throw Physical Education Essay

Qualitative Analysis Of An Overhead Throw Physical Education Essay Overhead throw is an important fundamental movement in many sports. It is categorized to be one of the early fundamental manipulative motor skills for every child to develop (Kathleen, 2004). This skill can be transferred to many other sports such as tennis serve, javelin throw and baseball pitching. The throw can be assessed either for accuracy (e.g. baseball pitching) or for distance (e.g. javelin throw) and there are some critical features that need to be present in the throw in order to achieve an optimum throw. In this study the goal is to achieve maximum distance and hence it is important to consider the law governing projectile motion which is angle of release, height of release and velocity of release. In qualitative studies, we use critical features or elements to cue the presence of these 3 features. The presence of upward ball path, the fully extended elbow in the throwing hand and the accelerated overhead arm swing are some of the actions to cue presence. Critical features or elements are based on biomechanical factors that create the throw movement and are usually derived from quantitative analysis studies of throwers. One such factor is kinetic open chained movement where body segments or joints move in a combination. The movement involves chaining segmental movements such that the last segment is free to move E.g. in a kicking ball action, the hip flexes with the knee extends and dorsi-flexes during the kicking action and the relax arm action during an overhead throw. Another biomechanical factor is the concept of kinetic-link and stretch shorten cycle where there is an interaction of a linked system of body segments. (Kreighbaum and Barthels, 1985; Steindler, 1955). Each segment need to move in a sequential coordinated manner with precise timings of acceleration of proximal segment so as to transfer energy to distal segment. In qualitative studies, physical education teacher and coaches observe these critical features for quick assessment on the overhead throw or other activity. Qualitative analysis is much preferred than quantitative analysis as it is not feasible and practical for physical education teachers and coaches to adopt quantitative analysis. There are many issues concerning using quantitative analysis such as time, cost, practicality and even ethical. Some parent may not be comfortable with their child being taken into lab for collection of data. One major advantage of qualitative analysis is that it allows skill to be assessed as a whole as the proficiency of some movement may be involving the interaction of every critical feature. In motor development milestone studies, qualitative studies take the approach of observing the critical features and analyze it with the motor skills developmental milestones. Getchell, 2005, motor development experts formulate logical decision tree checklist to a ssess the maturity of the critical features. Another method is to compare the performer with and expert, this allows the skill gap to be more visible. Intervention can later been drafted effectively to improve performance by emulating the technique of the expert. Objectives The objective of this study is to show the use of qualitative analysis in improving a child (subject age 6) overarm throw. The throw will be maximal effort, thrown for distance. The comparison model will be of an adult expert thrower (subject age 30). Intervention will be suggested based on the qualitative analysis to improve throwing technique. Methodology This study adopted Knudson Morrisons four-task integrated qualitative analysis model of preparation, observation, evaluation/diagnosis and intervention. Prior to the activity, an observational check list (Fig 2) was drafted using Gangstead and Beveridge, 1984, D. Knudson C. Morrison, 1996 and Haywood Getchell, 2005 model of an overhead throw. In this check sheet, the overarm throw was broken up into 3 phases which are preparation, action and follow through phases. Critical features for each phase were listed to assist in the observation and evaluation of the throw. An adult expert thrower was used for comparing the childs throw. Each component and phases were evaluated objectively with a score of poor, average and good. The adult and the child performer was tasked to do overarm throws (n=3) with maximal effort and distance of each throw was recorded using a standard 50m measuring tape. Maximal effort throw was chosen as the type of activity rather than throw for accuracy as the latter may be a difficult skilled task for the child. These eliminate the concern for motor developmental stage of the child. Children sponge tennis balls were used as projectile. Due to the experience level and language limitation of the child, he was given verbal instructions and a demonstration of the activity. The adult and child thrower performed the throws at two different locations due to childs parents consents. Video of each throw was recorded using a Sony digital camcorder model: Model: DSR-PDS10P using a 2-dimensional analysis camera setup. The video data was analyzed qualitatively using the checksheet and the software use is a standard computer integrated media player, window media player. Results Fig 1: Sequential phases of expert and child throw Child achieved an average of 8.58m as compared to the expert thrower with 20.5m (Fig 3). From Fig 1 2, sequential phases and observational checklist, the child showed a different movement pattern from the expert and score poorly in terms of path of hub, bodyweight transfer and movement of the legs and trunk during the preparation, action and follows through phase. There is an absence of trunk utilization throughout the 3 phases. During the preparation and action phases, the child exhibited a poor homolateral lower body action where he bent his knee of the same side as the throwing hand. In addition, there were no bodyweight transfer and leg drive by the child in the preparatory and action phases. On the other hand, the child showed similar upper body movement pattern in the action and follow through phase. There was an arm and humerus lag during the action phase. There was acceleration of his throwing arm in forward direction. The ball was released in an incline with his arm fully extended at the top of his head. The whole movement was accelerated, smooth and continuous. During the follow through phase, his arms swung across the body and relax. The child scored well in critical features of arm actions and the release of ball. As a whole, he show competency in the action phases with an average score and scored well in the follow through phase with a good score. Fig 3: Throw Distances Fig 2: Observational Checklist Intervention The child has good upper body technique and if the child is able to throw consistently with this technique. Improvements could be made in leg drive, contral lateral leg action, sequential coordination, and angle of release. Practice should consist of a combination of games approach (GCA) and drills bearing in mind his age and motivational level. The whole throwing sequence can be broken down into parts to simplify learning. One example practice to improve leg drive and contral lateral leg action is by putting visual cues like colour spots or numbering spot for them to step on. Next, improvement of the angle of release can be taught by putting target on the wall and the child needs to throw toward the target. Different target height can be put so as to allow the child to explore and experience different angle of release. The presence of targets allows the child to direct his attention to the effects to the ball trajectory (external focus of attention) rather than directing their atten tion to their arm throwing form (internal focus of attention) hence making learning more effective (Wulf Prinz, 2001). Sequential coordination should be the last to be taught as for many high-speed movements, it is the last refinement area for optimal performance. It said that development of sequential action will be limited until energy from the lower extremity can be channeled up to the body (Morrison Knudson, 2002). Before introducing the intervention, there should be some consideration in terms of his age and developmental milestones. There is a need to individualize the teaching and feedback hence his training should not be mixed with other children unless being group with similar profile. This is because children of the same chronological age may differ in developmental level and physiological age (Getchell, 2005). Models of good throw as a whole or segments need to be shown with good critical cues used during practice, research show that this can improves performance and learning best in children (Fronske, 1995; Masser, 1993; Weiss, 1982). Appropriate augmented feedback need to be given by identifying both strength and weakness with strength to be praised before reinforcement. According to Throndikes law, 1927, people tend to repeat responses that are rewarded and avoid responses that are punished. Evaluation, diagnosis and re-observation need to be done regularly to monitor progression. In addition, record keeping of the whole movement and critical features progression through observation check sheet provide reference to coaches and teacher on the progression of learning. Video recordings or pictures can be also be adopted to provide visual feedback to the child. This allows reflective learning which further enhances learning. Discussion From this study, we can clearly see the practicality and the feasibility of qualitative studies in an activity. It is a low cost and quick way of skill and technique improvement process. As teachers and coaches, the use of video and checksheet can help to record and observe large number of students at the same time. The video data can then be viewed at a convenient time. With the current technology, the video can be played in slow motion where critical features can be objectively assessed. In the event of shortage of manpower, the use of observational checksheet allows the coaches and teachers to share the evaluation workload with other teachers or senior students without compromising the objectivity and validity of the evaluation. In addition, the videos and observational checksheet allow record keeping of subject performance for future development and studies. Exemplary skills can be shared and showed to future students and trainee for modeling purposes. The possible challenge to the use of qualitative analysis is the perception its effectiveness. Teacher and coaches may perceive qualitative assessment may not be very objective as it is not absolute. When it comes to grading or selection exercise, the subject of fairness is questionable. There will be some resistance to the use of video analysis as some may find it difficult to use. To tackle these two issues, qualitative analysis can be made more objective and assessment friendly by having more details description in the observational checklist. As for the difficulty in using video, more training can be given to teacher and coaches. They can also be attached a mentor to assist. The proficiency will eventually be improved with more practice.

Black Panthers Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1966, the national Black Panther party was created. Their platform and it’s ideals struck a chord with blacks across the country, especially in the inner cities of the north. The Panthers were able to organize and unite these blacks. This alarmed the federal government. They instituted many controversial, illegal programs of harassment, infiltration, and instigation which led to the deaths of many Panthers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From their inception, the Black Panthers were treated with disdain and contempt. The Panthers wrote out a platform called â€Å"What We Want, What We Believe.† There ideas and methods appealed greatly to blacks. The past few years had seen the civil rights struggle rise, and had left many blacks with the feeling that not enough was being accomplished. Many Blacks shared the view of the Panthers in that violence was needed to defend themselves until true equality could be achieved. Aside from being militant, the Panthers did things that helped the community. They set up breakfast, and helped people to clean up their neighborhoods. The Black Panthers gave many urban black communities a sense of unity and identity that they hadn’t had before.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Panther’s rhetoric of violence alarmed the government. In March of 1968, the Panther newspaper printed this warning to police, â€Å"Halt in the name of humanity! You shall make no more war on unarmed people. You will not kill anothe...

Six Steps to Learning How to Overcome Challenges in Your Life

There are six steps to learning how to overcome challenges in your life. Each of these steps identifying the challenge or problem, defining the challenge or problem, analyzing the cause of the challenge or problem, exploring solutions to the challenge or problem, deciding to solve the challenge or problem, and taking action to overcome the challenge or problem will require your total involvement (Pokras, 1989). While no one is an expert on your particular challenge, there are strategies that can be used as tools to help you overcome these challenges. The first tool involves identifying the challenge. Successfully overcoming challenges require knowing exactly what the challenge involves. Many times when we first encounter a challenge we feel threatened and react defensively before knowing what we are up against. When we step back from the problem or challenge and take time to examine it we find the problem has other contributing factors that were not clearly in focus in the outset. During this phase take time to collect data about your problem or challenge such as when it began, what were the symptoms that a problem existed, and how long has this been going on (Pokras, 1989). Upon identifying the factors or underlying causes of the problem you can then move onto step two defining the challenge. In this step it is a good idea to write down the possible causes for the challenge that you are now facing. This will require analyzing the data you have collected, thinking about what this data means, deciding what it is you want and what you do not want, and narrowing down the challenge or problem to single points of causation (Pokras, 1989). Once you have narrowed the scope of the challenge or problem down to a manageable level you are now ready for step three-analyzing the cause of the problem. Really what takes place in step three is taking the time to analyze actions that were taken that resulted in there being a challenge or problem that you are now facing. This is can be accomplished by doing some type of cause and effect diagram that will give you the ability to visually comprehend what happened. Usually when we can clearly see where we went wrong we have that aha moment. Now that you have identified, defined, and analyzed the challenge or problem, what do you do now? Here is where the real work begins because many people can tell you what their problem is but they have a hard time doing something to change their situation. Step four requires you to make a decision to do something by exploring possible solutions to the challenge. Niven (2005) suggest developing a strategy or plan that allows you to decide what you need to change to overcome the challenge or the problem. This step is an important step because it takes a desire to succeed to overcome the challenge or problem and no one can instill in you the desire to change. This desire must come from within but will not happen until you make up in your mind what you want out of life, how you want your life to be, what you need to survive, and what it is you need to change to overcome your challenge or problem. Making the decision that you must change and that you have the power to make that change is difficult but can be the most rewarding thing you can do. In step five you will discover that after the decision is made that you want to change you can now actually decide to solve your problem. This step will require deciding on your criteria for success, deciding what your goals will be, establishing priorities, defining objectives, and taking responsibility for improving your own life (Cohen, Jacobs, Quintessenza, Chai, and Ungerleider, 2007). The most important tool in this step is writing an action plan including the aforementioned elements along with your vision for your life, your mission in life, and your personal philosophy or strategy for living your life (Niven, 2005). This plan must be written in a manner that allows you to measure your progress toward overcoming your challenge or problem. Part of your plan, for example, may involve getting a mentor, a person to serve as a role model, or setting up a support system (Cohen et al, 2007) by a certain date to fully implement your plan. Once you have established your plan you are ready to move onto the final step. The last step to overcoming challenges involves taking action . Implementation of your action plan will be the most critical part of you being successful in overcoming your challenge. This will require your total commitment, dedication, involvement and perseverance to achieve success. You ust remember that the best laid plans will not solve your problems if you do not do something to put them into motion, prepare yourself to deal with the unexpected, and be ready to make the little changes necessary to your plan to reach your goals. If you carry out the six steps of identifying the challenge or problem, defining the problem, analyzing the cause of the problem, exploring solutions to the problem, deciding to solve the problem, and taking action to overcome the problem (Pokras, 1989) you will begin to make progress to overcoming your challenges.

Breakfast at Tiffanys Essay

The movie begins appropriately with the lead Holly Goligthly having breakfast outside of Tiffany’s in New York and already that sets the tone of the whole movie. She’s dressed in a black Givenchy dress and her hair resembles something of a pineapple. She is looking in to the store and we see her perfectly polished reflection in the well-polished windows. Appropriately I say, since the title says just that, Breakfast at Tiffany’s. Even though is seems unimportant, just a title, Tiffany’s plays a central role throughout the movie but not just as a location for several of the scenes. It represents everything Holly wants and doesn’t seem able to get or allow herself to want. Holly as a character is a very intriguing creature. Her quirkiness and seemingly free-spirit leaves me wanting to emulate her, doing my hair and make-up in the same way and act like she does. It’s not until the middle of the movie when I realize that under that perfect exterior lays a very broken and confused spirit. The ideas of the perfect and glamorous feel of Tiffany’s are nouns Holly tries to apply to herself. The presumed shallowness of the sales people and the expensive merchandise makes me understand that for her, money and the played identity of Holly Golightly, controls her life. It leaves me with a sense of longing to understand this complex personality and question was lies beneath the surface. It becomes clearer throughout the film that even though it seems very shallow there is a compassion and depth to Holly and so also to Tiffany’s. One of my favorite scenes that clearly represent this is when Holly and Paul Varjak spend a day doing things they have never done before and end up at Tiffany’s. Due to the censorship of the time, the movie was released in 1961, it is never outspoken, but definitely clear what lengths both Holly and Paul, will go for money. In this scene money is not the focus, and the ring from the Kracker Jacks becomes a representation of the humanity in not only Holly but Tiffany’s and even the city of New York. Every decision the director has made in this film is very carefully selected, and even though the details are very subtle at first glance, they all support the idea I believe the film is trying to portray. New York as the big, glamorous city where wealth and beauty seem like a commodity. The belief that anybody can pretend to be what they want, or in Holly’s case, hide what they are. Every detail becomes important. Holly dressing almost exclusively in black but when she thinks she has finally gotten what she want, knits a red dress. Her empty apartment that in that same moment gets decorated and the only reason we know it’s not real is because the cat still has no name. There are so many different layers to this film and I guess that is why it has become a classic. Every time you see it you discover new details or change your mind about the mysterious and ever changing Holly.